arch/x86: introduce postcar stage/phase

Certain chipsets don't have a memory-mapped boot media
so their code execution for stages prior to DRAM initialization
is backed by SRAM or cache-as-ram. The postcar stage/phase
handles the cache-as-ram situation where in order to tear down
cache-as-ram one needs to be executing out of a backing
store that isn't transient. By current definition, cache-as-ram
is volatile and tearing it down leads to its contents disappearing.
Therefore provide a shim layer, postcar, that's loaded into
memory and executed which does 2 things:

1. Tears down cache-as-ram with a chipset helper function.
2. Loads and runs ramstage.

Because those 2 things are executed out of ram there's no issue
of the code's backing store while executing the code that
tears down cache-as-ram. The current implementation makes no
assumption regarding cacheability of the DRAM itself. If the
chipset code wishes to cache DRAM for loading of the postcar
stage/phase then it's also up to the chipset to handle any
coherency issues pertaining to cache-as-ram destruction.

Change-Id: Ia58efdadd0b48f20cfe7de2f49ab462306c3a19b
Signed-off-by: Aaron Durbin <adurbin@chromium.org>
Reviewed-on: https://review.coreboot.org/14140
Tested-by: build bot (Jenkins)
Reviewed-by: Patrick Georgi <pgeorgi@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Furquan Shaikh <furquan@google.com>

src/include/console/console.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void __attribute__ ((noreturn)) die(const char *msg);
 
 #define __CONSOLE_ENABLE__ \
 	((ENV_BOOTBLOCK && CONFIG_BOOTBLOCK_CONSOLE) || \
-	ENV_VERSTAGE || ENV_ROMSTAGE || ENV_RAMSTAGE || \
+	ENV_VERSTAGE || ENV_ROMSTAGE || ENV_RAMSTAGE || ENV_POSTCAR || \
 	(ENV_SMM && CONFIG_DEBUG_SMI))
 
 #if __CONSOLE_ENABLE__

src/include/memlayout.h

@@ -160,6 +160,18 @@
 	#define OVERLAP_VERSTAGE_ROMSTAGE(addr, size) ROMSTAGE(addr, size)
 #endif
 
+#if ENV_POSTCAR
+	#define POSTCAR(addr, sz) \
+		SYMBOL(postcar, addr) \
+		_epostcar = _postcar + sz; \
+		_ = ASSERT(_eprogram - _program <= sz, \
+			STR(Aftercar exceeded its allotted size! (sz))); \
+		INCLUDE "postcar/lib/program.ld"
+#else
+	#define POSTCAR(addr, sz) \
+		REGION(postcar, addr, sz, 1)
+#endif
+
 #define WATCHDOG_TOMBSTONE(addr, size) \
 	REGION(watchdog_tombstone, addr, size, 4) \
 	_ = ASSERT(size == 4, "watchdog tombstones should be exactly 4 byte!");

src/include/rules.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "bootblock"
 
 #elif defined(__ROMSTAGE__)
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "romstage"
 
 #elif defined(__SMM__)
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 1
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "smm"
 
 #elif defined(__VERSTAGE__)
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 1
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "verstage"
 
 #elif defined(__RAMSTAGE__)
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "ramstage"
 
 #elif defined(__RMODULE__)
@@ -71,8 +76,19 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 1
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "rmodule"
 
+#elif defined(__POSTCAR__)
+#define ENV_BOOTBLOCK 0
+#define ENV_ROMSTAGE 0
+#define ENV_RAMSTAGE 0
+#define ENV_SMM 0
+#define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
+#define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 1
+#define ENV_STRING "postcar"
+
 #else
 /*
  * Default case of nothing set for random blob generation using
@@ -86,18 +102,21 @@
 #define ENV_SMM 0
 #define ENV_VERSTAGE 0
 #define ENV_RMODULE 0
+#define ENV_POSTCAR 0
 #define ENV_STRING "UNKNOWN"
 #endif
 
-/* For romstage and ramstage always build with simple device model, ie.
- * PCI, PNP and CPU functions operate without use of devicetree.
+/* For pre-DRAM stages and post-CAR always build with simple device model, ie.
+ * PCI, PNP and CPU functions operate without use of devicetree. The reason
+ * post-CAR utilizes __SIMPLE_DEVICE__ is for simplicity. Currently there's
+ * no known requirement that devicetree would be needed during that stage.
  *
  * For ramstage individual source file may define __SIMPLE_DEVICE__
  * before including any header files to force that particular source
  * be built with simple device model.
  */
 
-#if defined(__PRE_RAM__) || defined(__SMM__)
+#if defined(__PRE_RAM__) || ENV_SMM || ENV_POSTCAR
 #define __SIMPLE_DEVICE__
 #endif