arch/x86: introduce postcar stage/phase

Certain chipsets don't have a memory-mapped boot media
so their code execution for stages prior to DRAM initialization
is backed by SRAM or cache-as-ram. The postcar stage/phase
handles the cache-as-ram situation where in order to tear down
cache-as-ram one needs to be executing out of a backing
store that isn't transient. By current definition, cache-as-ram
is volatile and tearing it down leads to its contents disappearing.
Therefore provide a shim layer, postcar, that's loaded into
memory and executed which does 2 things:

1. Tears down cache-as-ram with a chipset helper function.
2. Loads and runs ramstage.

Because those 2 things are executed out of ram there's no issue
of the code's backing store while executing the code that
tears down cache-as-ram. The current implementation makes no
assumption regarding cacheability of the DRAM itself. If the
chipset code wishes to cache DRAM for loading of the postcar
stage/phase then it's also up to the chipset to handle any
coherency issues pertaining to cache-as-ram destruction.

Change-Id: Ia58efdadd0b48f20cfe7de2f49ab462306c3a19b
Signed-off-by: Aaron Durbin <adurbin@chromium.org>
Reviewed-on: https://review.coreboot.org/14140
Tested-by: build bot (Jenkins)
Reviewed-by: Patrick Georgi <pgeorgi@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Furquan Shaikh <furquan@google.com>

src/include/console/console.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void __attribute__ ((noreturn)) die(const char *msg);
 
 #define __CONSOLE_ENABLE__ \
 	((ENV_BOOTBLOCK && CONFIG_BOOTBLOCK_CONSOLE) || \
-	ENV_VERSTAGE || ENV_ROMSTAGE || ENV_RAMSTAGE || \
+	ENV_VERSTAGE || ENV_ROMSTAGE || ENV_RAMSTAGE || ENV_POSTCAR || \
 	(ENV_SMM && CONFIG_DEBUG_SMI))
 
 #if __CONSOLE_ENABLE__