docs: Rewrite the keyboard layout doc
Use of shorter sentences should reduce cognitive load. Example shell commands should improve understanding of the description. Signed-off-by: Tim Crawford <tcrawford@system76.com>
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Tim Crawford
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Jeremy Soller
Jeremy Soller
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# Keyboard layout customization
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# Keyboard layout customization
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## Dependencies
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System76 EC firmware suppports using custom keyboard layouts. For example,
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* Dependencies are listed in the README file for the EC project.
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having the physical "Caps Lock" key function as "Escape" when pressed.
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## Select firmware version
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This only applies to the internal keyboard. External keyboards are not
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affected.
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Advanced functionality, such as macros or QMK's Mod-Tap, are not supported.
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You must be able to build and flash firmware. See the [README](../README.md)
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if you have not built the firmware before.
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## Firmware version
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To ensure compatibility with other system components (e.g. your current BIOS
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To ensure compatibility with other system components (e.g. your current BIOS
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version), it's recommended to flash the same firmware version as you're
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version), it's recommended to flash the same firmware version as you're
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currently using.
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currently using.
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* Go to Settings -> Firmware and check the current version. It will look
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something like "2020-09-17_f10af76".
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* Clone the [system76/firmware-open](https://github.com/system76/firmware-open)
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repository.
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* Checkout the version that matches your firmware, e.g.:
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`git checkout f10af76`.
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* Run `git submodule init && git submodule update && cd ec`.
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* This documentation is subject to change, please use the version in the
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repository you just cloned.
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## Adding your layout
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Determine the BIOS version using dmidecode. The BIOS version is formatted as
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* In `src/board/system76/{your-model}/board.mk`, locate the line starting with
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`<date>_<revision>`.
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`KEYBOARD=`. The value after the equal sign is your keyboard type, the most
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common is `15in_102`. We will use the `lemp9` keyboard as an example, which
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is `14in_83`
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* In `src/board/keyboard/{keyboard-type}/keymap/`, copy `default.c` and rename
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it. There are two examples to reference in the `14in_83` directory:
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`jeremy.c` and `levi.c`.
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* In `src/common/include/common/keymap.h` you will find a list of the key
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definitions.
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* You will notice two sets of keys in these layout files. The top one is the
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standard mapping. The bottom one is the Fn layer, meaning it is active when
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the Fn key is being held. If you look at the Fn layer in the `levi.c` layout,
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you will see that there are arrow keys at WASD, media and volume keys on the
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bottom row, etc.
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* Hint: To avoid losing your place change one key at a time, referencing the
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key code you are deleting to keep yourself positioned correctly in the list
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of keycodes.
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## Configure your EC to build with your layout
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```sh
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* Create a file in the project's root directory called `config.mk` and add your
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sudo dmidecode -t bios | grep Version
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board and keyboard layout to it. For example, if you want to build lemp9
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firmware with Jeremy's layout (which is at
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`ec/src/keyboard/14in_83/keymap/jeremy.c`):
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```
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```
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From the [firmware-open](https://github.com/system76/firmware-open) repo,
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determine the EC commit used for the BIOS version.
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```sh
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git ls-tree <bios_rev> ec
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```
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Checkout that commit in the EC repo and update the submodules.
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```sh
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git checkout <ec_rev>
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git submodule update --recursive
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```
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## Adding a layout file
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Determine the keyboard used for your model.
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```sh
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grep KEYBOARD src/board/system76/<model>/board.mk
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```
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Copy the default layout file for the keyboard to a separate file in the keymap
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directory.
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```sh
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cp src/keyboard/system76/<keyboard>/keymap/default.c src/keyboard/system76/<keyboard>/keymap/<custom>.c
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```
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The name of the keymap can be anything. Following QMK convention, the file name
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could be your username.
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## Modifying the layout
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A keymap file is a C file that defines the position of key and its function.
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Only the `LAYOUT`s should be modified.
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There are 2 layers in a keymap file.
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- `KEYMAP[0]`: The first `LAYOUT` defines the default layer
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- `KEYMAP[1]`: The second `LAYOUT` defines the function layer
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A `KT_FN` key must be assigned on the first layer in order to access the second
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layer. The `KT_FN` key must be held to use keys on the second layer.
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Change one key at a time to avoid losing your place.
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Some related files are:
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- `src/common/include/common/keymap.h`: Defines the key scancodes
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- `src/keyboard/system76/<keyboard>/include/board/keymap.h`: Defines the
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keyboard matrix
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## Building with the new layout
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Build the firmware specifying the `KEYMAP` you have added.
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```sh
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make BOARD=system76/lemp9 KEYMAP=custom
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```
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Use a config file to simplify this. In the EC project's root directory, create
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a file named `config.mk`. Define the `BOARD` and `KEYMAP` variables.
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```mk
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BOARD?=system76/lemp9
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BOARD?=system76/lemp9
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KEYMAP?=jeremy
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KEYMAP?=custom
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```
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```
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## Test build your EC
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Then building the firmware only requires calling make.
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* Make sure all dependencies are installed (see above).
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* From the `ec` directory, run `make` to make sure it builds correctly.
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## Flash your EC
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```sh
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* If the test build went well, you should be ready to flash your EC:
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# Make will read config.mk to determine which board and keymap to use.
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- Close all running applications.
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make
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- Unplug everything from your laptop except the charger.
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```
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- Flash with `make flash_internal`
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- When it says, "Waiting 5 seconds for all keys to be released", it is
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## Flashing the new firmware
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important to not touch the keyboard or trackpad until it finishes writing
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the new EC and turns itself off.
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See [flashing firmware](./flashing.md) for details.
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- Once it shuts down, you can power it back on, and your keymap will be
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active.
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```sh
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- If you changed your layout in such a way that you can't easily type, just
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make flash_internal
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plug in a USB keyboard and re-flash to the default layout until you can
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```
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fix. The USB keyboard's layout will be unaffected.
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Do not use the keyboard or touchpad while it is flashing.
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The system will power off as part of the flash process. Turn it back on after
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it has powered off.
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The keyboard can now be used with your new layout.
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## Troubleshooting
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If your layout does not work as you intended, only the internal keyboard will
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be affected. An external USB keyboard or SSH session can be used to correct the
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layout and reflash the firmware.
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